Which of the following is an element of first-degree murder?

First-degree murder is defined by specific elements that primarily include the intent and mental state of the perpetrator at the time of the act. The correct choice reflects that first-degree murder involves killing with premeditation and deliberation. This means that the individual not only intended to kill but also planned the act ahead of time, showcasing a conscious decision-making process that reflects malice aforethought.

Premeditation indicates that the individual considered the act before committing it, while deliberation means they had the capacity to make a reasoned decision to carry out the murder. This critical distinction sets first-degree murder apart from other types of homicide, which may occur in the heat of the moment or arise from negligence, rather than a calculated intention to kill.