Which of the following is an example of substantive law?

Substantive law refers to the part of the law that establishes rights and obligations, outlining what constitutes criminal behavior and the legal rules that govern the actions of individuals. It includes laws that define criminal offenses, such as robbery and assault, as well as laws that dictate the penalties for these offenses. The laws prohibiting robbery and assault clearly delineate what actions are considered crimes, making them a prime example of substantive law. In contrast, the other options focus on procedural aspects or guidelines that do not directly define rights or obligations in a substantive manner. For instance, courtroom procedures and protocols for law enforcement operations are more concerned with how the law is applied or enforced rather than defining the legal rights or duties themselves. Similarly, guidelines for legal guardianship provide a framework for managing relationships but do not address substantive criminal behavior directly.