Which cholesterol type is referred to as "bad cholesterol"?

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are commonly referred to as "bad cholesterol" due to their association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High levels of LDL can lead to the buildup of plaque within the arteries, contributing to a condition known as atherosclerosis. This buildup narrows the arteries and can restrict blood flow, potentially resulting in heart attacks or strokes.

In contrast, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" because they help transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it can be processed and removed from the body. Medium-density lipoproteins (MDL) are less commonly referenced and often not categorized specifically in standard cholesterol discussions, while very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) also contribute to plaque buildup but are not as prominently highlighted as LDL in discussions of "bad cholesterol." Therefore, LDL's role in negatively impacting heart health distinguishes it as the type of cholesterol that poses a higher risk.