What types of non-verbal cues does body language include?

Body language encompasses a variety of non-verbal cues that include hand gestures, posture, and eye contact. These elements are fundamental in conveying messages without the use of words. Hand gestures can enhance or contradict what is being said verbally, providing clarity or emphasis. Posture can indicate confidence, openness, or defensiveness, allowing others to interpret one's emotional state. Eye contact is crucial in communication; it can show attentiveness, respect, or even dominance, and it helps establish connections between individuals.

While vocal tone and pitch differences, emotional expression, vocal emphasis, and physical distance certainly play significant roles in communication, they do not fall under traditional body language categories. Vocal elements involve how words are spoken rather than the physical expressions of the body, which is the primary focus of body language. Understanding these specific aspects of body language can greatly enhance interpersonal communication and overall interactions.