What type of mood swings are associated with bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by significant mood swings that include episodes of extreme highs, known as mania or hypomania, and lows, identified as depression. These mood changes are not just minor fluctuations but rather substantial shifts in emotion, energy levels, and activity. The high phases can lead to increased activity, heightened energy, and impulsive behavior, while the low phases can result in feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lethargy.

The substantial nature of these mood changes is what distinguishes bipolar disorder from other mood disorders. While some might experience rapid changes, they are not constant, and the fluctuations are not typically stable or predictable. Instead, the disorder is marked by clear episodes of mood elevation and depression, allowing for the recognition of significant ups and downs as a hallmark of the condition.