What is one action that qualifies as disorderly conduct by fighting?

Disorderly conduct is typically defined as behavior that disrupts the peace and safety of a community. Among the options provided, causing a public disturbance is the action that clearly aligns with this definition. Public disturbances often involve acts of fighting, where individuals engage in violent or aggressive behavior that can incite fear or alarm in others. This type of conduct interrupts the normal operations of public spaces and creates an atmosphere of insecurity, which is why it is classified as disorderly.

Making loud noises, committing fraud, and hoarding materials do not fall under the category of fighting in the same context. Loud noises might be annoying but do not specifically involve physical altercations. Fraud is a form of deception and crime that, while problematic, does not typically relate to disorderly conduct in a physical confrontation sense. Hoarding, while it may have implications for public health or safety, does not inherently involve aggressive or disruptive behavior towards others. Thus, causing a public disturbance is the most relevant action to the definition of disorderly conduct through fighting.