What does 'confirmation bias' lead individuals to do?

Confirmation bias refers to the cognitive tendency of individuals to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or expectations while disregarding or minimizing information that contradicts them. When individuals exhibit confirmation bias, they actively seek out data or opinions that reinforce their viewpoint, often ignoring evidence that may challenge their beliefs. This behavior can lead to a distorted understanding of reality and hinder objective decision-making.

The other options present contrasting behaviors that are not characteristic of confirmation bias. Seeking diverse opinions and challenging existing beliefs suggest a willingness to consider multiple perspectives and reevaluate one’s stance—both of which counteract the influence of confirmation bias. Accepting all information irrespective of beliefs indicates an openness that is not aligned with the selective nature of confirmation bias, which inherently favors information that supports one's own views.